Luke addressed both the Gospel of Luke and the Book of Acts to an unknown gentleman named Theophilus:

Many have undertaken to draw up an account of the things that have been fulfilled among us, just as they were handed down to us by those who from the first were eyewitnesses and servants of the word. With this in mind, since I myself have carefully investigated everything from the beginning, I too decided to write an orderly account for you, most excellent Theophilus, so that you may know the certainty of the things you have been taught.

Who was this most excellent Theophilus? One theory holds him as a Jewish priest, who Luke was trying to convince of the truth about Jesus. Another postulates Theophilus as a Roman lawyer working with Paul, and the writings serve as evidence of Paul’s innocence under Roman law. Others see this as simply as honorary title, not referring to an individual, but a group of people. Theophilus in Greek means friend of God, so perhaps Luke addressed like-minded believers in his introduction.

But another theory makes the most sense to me. Theophilus was likely a Roman official of some kind (thus the address of most excellent) who came to faith in Jesus and supported the work of Luke and Paul. This patron helped Paul and Luke and other missionaries fulfill their calling to carry the gospel as far as possible. So Luke sends an update of the incredible works of God to a generous donor.

Christianity is a missionary religion, and we’re called to support the outreach efforts of our day. Whether we possess a little or a lot, we give to spread the good news of Jesus, and in doing so gain the title most excellent.

Luke 1 & Acts 1 in Through the Bible in 2023

Photo by Christine Roy